Search results for "Operational Definition"
showing 10 items of 20 documents
The emergence of loss of efficacy during antidepressant drug treatment for major depressive disorder: An integrative review of evidence, mechanisms, …
2018
The re-emergence (i.e. ‘breakthrough’) of depressive symptoms despite maintenance treatment of depression with antidepressant drugs is a complex clinical phenomenon referred to as tolerance. Herein we critically appraise evidence from both pre-clinical and clinical studies, focusing on putative mechanisms as well as clinical correlates and implications of the emergence tolerance during antidepressant treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). It is firstly unclear to what extent this phenotype reflects a pharmacological effect of an antidepressant, is driven by non-adherence, is a marker of latent bipolarity or another comorbidity, a marker of neuroprogression of the underlying disorder…
THE REFERENCE SITE COLLABORATIVE NETWORK OF THE EUROPEAN INNOVATION PARTNERSHIP ON ACTIVE AND HEALTHY AGEING
2019
International audience; Seventy four Reference Sites of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA) have been recognised by the European Commission in 2016 for their commitment to excellence in investing and scaling up innovative solutions for active and healthy ageing. The Reference Site Collaborative Network (RSCN) brings together the EIP on AHA Reference Sites awarded by the European Commission, and Candidate Reference Sites into a single forum. The overarching goals are to promote cooperation, share and transfer good practice and solutions in the development and scaling up of health and care strategies, policies and service delivery models, while at the…
The concept of major depression. III. Concurrent validity of six competing operational definitions for the clinical ICD-9 diagnosis.
1991
The comparative validity of six operational diagnoses of major depression was evaluated in 600 psychiatric inpatients using the independently assessed clinical ICD-9 diagnoses as a yardstick. Agreement with, and positive predictive value for the ICD-9 categories of pure (endogenous and psychogenic) depression served as validation criteria; sensitivity of major depression diagnoses for detecting ICD-9 bipolar depressions was additionally used for examining the adequacy of width, time and exclusion criteria of the competing operational definitions. Three essential results were found. First, the "old" diagnostic definitions of RDC and FDC are superior to all newer definitions because they defi…
Building Bridges for Innovation in Ageing: Synergies between Action Groups of the EIP on AHA.
2017
The Strategic Implementation Plan of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA) proposed six Action Groups. After almost three years of activity, many achievements have been obtained through commitments or collaborative work of the Action Groups. However, they have often worked in silos and, consequently, synergies between Action Groups have been proposed to strengthen the triple win of the EIP on AHA. The paper presents the methodology and current status of the Task Force on EIP on AHA synergies. Synergies are in line with the Action Groups' new Renovated Action Plan (2016-2018) to ensure that their future objectives are coherent and fully connected. The …
Methods for studying unconscious learning
2005
One has to face numerous difficulties when trying to establish a dissociation between conscious and unconscious knowledge. In this paper, we review several of these problems as well as the different methodological solutions that have been proposed to address them. We suggest that each of the different methodological solutions offered refers to a different operational definition of consciousness, and present empirical examples of sequence learning studies in which these different procedures were applied to differentiate between implicit and explicit knowledge acquisition. We also show how the use of a sensitive behavioral method, the process dissociation procedure, confers a distinctive adva…
Searching for an Operational Definition of Frailty: A Delphi Method Based Consensus Statement. The Frailty Operative Definition-Consensus Conference …
2012
International audience; Abstract BACKGROUND: There is no consensus regarding the definition of frailty for clinical uses. METHODS: A modified Delphi process was used to attempt to achieve consensus definition. Experts were selected from different fields and organized into five Focus Groups. A questionnaire was developed and sent to experts in the area of frailty. Responses and comments were analyzed using a pre-established strategy. Statements with an agreement more than or equal to 80% were accepted. RESULTS: Overall, 44% of the statements regarding the concept of frailty and 18% of the statements regarding diagnostic criteria were accepted. There was consensus on the value of screening fo…
A consumer-based measurement of tourism innovation
2006
SUMMARY The present paper reviews the innovation literature related to tourism and examines the twin problems of operational definitions and measurement of innovation in the tourism sector. A conceptual model is then proposed by which the most relevant aspects of innovation and the most relevant aspects of the “tourism experience” can be integrated conceptually, and which can guide the development of related operational definitions and measurements and lead to a standardization of, and therefore an ability to aggregate, tourism innovation statistics across products, providers, markets and geopolitical regions. The model first categorizes innovations along two dimensions: an “invention-adopt…
Patterns of objectively measured sedentary time in 10- to 12-year-old Belgian children: an observational study within the ENERGY-project
2017
Background This study examined the frequency of and differences in sedentary bouts of different durations and the total time spent in sedentary bouts on a weekday, a weekend day, during school hours, during after-school hours and in the evening period in a sample of 10- to 12-year-old Belgian children. Methods Accelerometer data were collected as part of the ENERGY-project in Belgium (n = 577, 10.9 ± 0.7 years, 53% girls) in 2011. Differences in total sedentary time, sedentary bouts of 2–5, 5–10, 10–20, 20–30 and ≥30 min and total time accumulated in those bouts were examined on a weekday, a weekend day, during school hours, during after-school hours and in the evening period, using multile…
Theoretical and Empirical Underpinnings of Maternal Sensitivity: Considerations of Sensitivity Across Cultures and Socioeconomic Status
2021
This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of maternal sensitivity and its predictors, along with the assumptions that explain its repercussions on child development and evidence of these relations. We first present the conceptual and operational definitions of maternal sensitivity espoused by Attachment Theory. Next, we summarize predictors of maternal sensitivity, emphasizing how maternal mental health issues and economic vulnerability can hinder mothers’ ability to sensitively respond to their infants. Finally, we discuss longitudinal studies and meta-analyses which show how maternal sensitivity predicts numerous domains of child development.
Defining Life as a Non-Essentialist Natural Kind
2019
Abstract: The increasing number of proposals to define the concept of life in biology has led some authors to consider this task useless and without sense. All sceptics base their argument on the idea that life is a natural kind with a strong metaphysical commitment. Considering this, the aim of this paper is to explore the concept of life as a non-essentialist natural kind. It is intended to highlight that complex scientific concepts are better understood from points of view that are not constrained by the rigid frameworks of essentialism and the realism/conventionalism dichotomy. Keywords: natural kind, definition of life, essentialism, operational definitions.